mass extinction

noun

plural mass extinctions

: an event in which many living species on Earth experience rapid extinction rates during a relatively short period of geologic time

Unless climate change is curbed, Earth's oceans could see a mass extinction of marine life unlike anything the planet has seen for millions of years …

—Doyle Rice

[Paleobiologist Anthony] Barnosky calculates that humans are now creating a mass extinction. … As many as 30% of all species may be lost over the next four decades, conservationists estimate.

—Gaia Vince

specifically : a rare event in which seventy-five percent or more of all living species on Earth die out within a relatively short period of geologic time and that is usually associated with catastrophic natural phenomena (such as volcanic eruptions or asteroid impacts)

… the most recent of five events in Earth's history that scientists consider mass extinctions, defined by paleontologists as events where more than 75 percent of species vanish within a geologically short period of time, typically less than two million years.

—Katarina Zimmer

About 252 million years ago, the vast majority of species on Earth were killed off in the "Great Dying," the worst mass extinction in our planet's history. Up to 96% of all marine species and 70% of land animals were killed off during this event …

—Peter Kotecki

We are still far from meeting the requirements that paleontologists set for a "mass extinction event" (loss of 75 percent of species globally). However, in geologic time, we are moving towards that reality.

—Gabe Allen

The Triassic mass extinction event took place 200 million years ago, eliminating about 80% of Earth's species, including many types of dinosaurs.

—Tammana Begum

Examples of mass extinction in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web

The Permian period, the last part of the Paleozoic Era, ended with the largest mass extinction in the history of life on Earth. —Alexa Robles-Gil, Smithsonian Magazine, 20 Nov. 2024

The 600-kilometer wide crater formed over 500 million years ago and may have triggered Earth's first mass extinction. —David Bressan, Forbes, 26 Sep. 2024

The connection is especially stark around some mass extinctions, when Earth’s climate rapidly shifted in response to events like massive volcanic outpourings that released incredible volumes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. —Riley Black, Smithsonian Magazine, 19 Sep. 2024

The Great Dying The Permian-Triassic mass extinction–also called The Great Dying–was triggered by massive volcanic eruptions in present day Siberia. —Laura Baisas, Popular Science, 12 Sep. 2024

Word History

First Known Use

1943, in the meaning defined above